Torrefaction and Pelleting of Wheat and Barley Straw for Biofuel and Energy Applications

Microwave (MW)-assisted torrefaction and pelleting could enhance biomass fuel properties energy applications. Plastic wastes are considered as a replacement source binder in pellets to minimize their effect on the environment pollutants. High-density polyethylene (HDPE), an extractable plastic from recycling waste, was investigated for torrefied wheat barley straw pellets. Fuel pellet characteristics, such durability, density, tensile strength, water absorption, were used evaluate produced single test. The results showed that addition of HDPE significantly increased quality terms density (686.12–982.93 kg/m 3 ), strength (3.68 4.53 MPa) straw, reduced ash content 10.34 4.59% 10.66 3.88% higher heating value (HHV) with increasing biochar mix blend. highest HHV observed 28.34 MJ/kg, while 29.78 MJ/kg. study further indicated MW biomass-biochar moisture adsorption pellets, which can improve storage capability humid locations. uptake ratio MW-torrefied 0.10–0.25 0.11–0.25 against 1.0 untreated biomass. during is promising technique properties.